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diagnosis of Hypo pigmentation includes:
- Physical examination
- Examine for enlarged thyroid which may indicate presence of thyroid disease associated with vitiligo
- Examine for nystagmus (jerky movements of the eyes), translucency of the iris and reduced visual acuity which are always present in albinism
- Blood tests
- Full blood count (looking for anemia of pernicious anemia, associated with vitiligo)
- Thyroid function tests, looking for thyroid disease associated with vitiligo
- Fasting blood glucose, looking for diabetes mellitus associated with vitiligo
- ACTH stimulation test looking for Addison's disease associated with vitiligo
- Phenylalanine concentration if suspect phenylketonuria
- Skin scraping - for microscopy may show hyphae with spores characteristic of the yeast infection that is responsible for pityriasis versicolor.
- Skin biopsy - may be required e.g. microscopically vitiligo has complete absence of melanocytes (pigment producing cells).
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